Government: Less is More Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Government: Less is More      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Land of liberty, land of freedom, a land by, for, and of the people. Have you honestly ever affected one word the government has spoken? Do you do anything in daily life without the subtle involvement of Uncle Sam? Everything you see and use is government approved, or else it is illegal to use it.    There are many groups adamantly protesting, or rather complaining, about the amount of control the government has. I am not of the belief that the government is out to get us and we should buy as many weapons as possible to fight them off. I also don't believe we should not obey laws because we are not happy with them. I do feel, however, we need to become aware of the problems we face because of this excessive control. Let's look at some of these problems.    First of all, our government knows more about us than we know about ourselves. They have access to virtually any information they could ever want. There is no apparent harm in this, but why is it necessary? And if it is, maybe we should change our programs so it's not. There is a potential, a highly unlikely one I will admit, for our government to take advantage of that information to our detriment. Why take the chance?    Most of the areas our government has too much control over involve money. For example, the welfare system in our "free enterprise" society is simply the government taking our money, whether we want to give it or not, not to mention how much of it they want, and distributing it as they feel best. I can understand the need for welfare during the depression. It was a plan of action for a time of crisis, and it worked. We have been out of that crisis for seventy years. I think it's time to change. Our curr... ...y, yes. Respectfully, of course. Nonviolently, absolutely. But when told how to think or how to behave we don't. We disobey social protocol that stifles and stigmatizes personal freedom. I learned the awesome power of disobedience from...every great man who led those with right against those with might." (Heston) Works Cited    Belz, Joel. "Wrong Without a Remedy." World. Nov. 20-27, 1999 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. "Major Provisions of the Welfare to Work Legislation." CBPP Web Page. Cbpp.org/609wtw.htm, URL#325298, 6-9-98. De La Rocha, Zach. "Snack Charmer." Evil Empire. Sony Entertainment 1996. Heston, Charlton. "Winning the Cultural War." Speech given to Harvard Law School Foru. Feb, 16, 1999 Orwell, George. 1984. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983 Thomas, Cal. "Outlaws and Their Guns." World. Nov. 20-27, 1999.

Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers

Jordan University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department Cryptography & Network Security CPE (541) HW#5 Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers (Double-DES, Triple-DES & Blowfish) Supervised by: Dr Loai Tawalbeh Eng. Sulaiman Al-Basheer Simsam R. Hijjawi 20022171043 Review Problems: 6. 1 What is the triple encryption? It is a three-stages encryption with three different keys, to avoid costly requirements arises from using three different keys with total length of 3Ãâ€"56 = 186 bits a triple encryption with two keys maybe used. 6. 2 What is the meet in the middle attack?It's that attack doesn't depend on any particular property of the DES, instead, it will work against any type of block ciphers. For the double-DES cipher & a given (P,C) pair, this attack works as follow: 1. Encrypt the plaintext P with all possibilities of K1, store the results in a table, & sort that table by the value of X. 2. Decrypt C with all possible values of K2, check each resulted value with the en tries in the table, in case of match, check these two keys against another known pair (P1,C1), if match, accept them as the correct keys. 6. Why is the middle portion of 3DES is a decryption rather than an encryption ? 1. It's a decryption process in order to change the traditional nature of the DES, if it's an encryption, it'll stay a DES but with longer key size. 2. In the cryptography, there is no significance of using the decryption in the middle stage, the only advantage of doing so is to allow users of 3DES to decrypt data encrypted by the users of the older single DES ( C = Ek1[Dk2[Ek1[P]]] = Ek1[P]. Suppose that the middle portion is decryption instead of encryption, ( C = Ek1[Ek2[Ek1[P]]]The previous assumption in equation 1 will not be ever met. On the other hand 3. If an encryption process is done instead of decryption the meet-in-the-middle attack becomes possible. 6. 6 What primitive operations are used in Blowfish? †¢ Addition: Addition the words, it is performed modulo 2^32. †¢ Bitwise exclusive-OR. Problems: 6. 1 For the two design approaches introduced in the textbook, which is the preferred in the followings: Note: the suggested block cipher in my considerations below is DES. security. The single loop compact approach â€Å"single CBC loop† is more secure, this is because the EDE block contains the encryption function C = E k1[D k2[Ek1[P]]] without simplifications, this makes the cryptanalysis like differential attack more difficult than doing it on a simple loop with encryption or decryption process because each loop in the second approach appears like a simple DES that may be attacked alone in a chosen plain-text attack i. e. differential attack. – performance.The second 3 simple approach is the preferred from the performance wise point of view, this is because each block in each loop contains either encryption or decryption processes so it is faster than the first approach. But as I mentioned above, it is more vulne rable to cryptanalysis than the first approach because each loop is a single DES with differential attack possibility. We can also distinguish between the two approaches based on error propagation. 6. 2 Can you suggest security improvements to either option, using three DES chips & some number of XOR functions? Assume you are still limited to two keys.Changing the mode sounds a good solution: 1. For the first approach that contain only a single independent loop, using Counter mode seems to be simpler, because we deal with counters that less longer than plain texts & have no linear or statistical relationship, this may increase the performance of the 3DES in this case. 2. For the second approach, the dependency between stages prevents using the counter mode as an enhancement, a more secure mode is required in this case, using the CFB may eliminate the possibility of differential cryptanalysis because chosen plain text attack is not worth. . 4 Demonstrate that the blowfish decryption is the inverse of the blowfish encryption. Taking in consideration the following: The decryption process is applied in the same direction as the encryption but with reverse order use of the sub keys. Encryption: 1. Assume the following plain text P with E-PL0 & E-PR0 portions. 2. After the ith round, the output of that round will be E-PRi = E-PLi Xor Pi †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1) E-PLi = F [E-PRi] Xor E-PRi-1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) 3. The cipher text will be: E-PR17 = E-PL16 Xor P18 E-PL17 = E-PR16 Xor P17 C = E-PR17 + E-PL17†³+ sign is a concatenation†It will be the input of the decryption algorithm which is the same as the encryption algorithm but with reverse order key fashion. Decryption: 1. Assume the following cipher text C with D-CL0 & D-CR0 portions. 2. After the ith round, the output of that round will be D-CRi = D-CLi Xor P19-I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (3) D-CLi = F [D-CRi] Xor D-CRi-1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (4) 3. the outputs of equation # 1 & equation # 3 and equation # 2 & equation # 4 are the same for each round, this implies the reversibility in the blowfish algorithm between the encryption & the decryption algorithms.

The New Geopolitics Of Energy Essay - 710 Words

Carlos Pascual, The New Geopolitics of Energy, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, September 2015, 37 pp. Article Synopsis: â€Å"The new Geopolitics of Energy† is an overall synopsis of how energy is linked to geopolitics, and how the United States has emerged over the past decade as a major hydrocarbon producer and exporter, which has resulted in the changing the nations posture globally. Of note, Pascual highlights the point that the U.S. has found a new borne power that it can wield geopolitically, and can even further its international objectives. However, it must wield that control very carefully and with finesse, because if done poorly could have far reaching ramifications. Managing this power will not be easy and may take some formidable resources, and the U.S. is not well versed in the unique way that OPEC and the major oil producing nations conduct business. He stresses that energy markets and foreign policy are not static and that the U.S. has to fully understand the intricacies of both. The article is broken into three sections. Part one of the paper addresses the fundamentally new foundations for global oil and gas supplies that stem from the unconventional energy revolution in the United States. This was accomplished by employing new technologies that combine horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing, also known as â€Å"fracking† to release oil and gas from the layers of shale and new cost reducing technologies. This increased oil production inShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Geopolitics Energy934 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieved that globalization is rendering the concepts of geopolitics and the great powers, it is only enhancing the strategies of those whose aims it is to take control. Globally, the population provides the excuses many super powers need to carried out their power manipulation and seek out natural resources. 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